This project aims at understanding the creative process in music beyond the supposed opposition between the individual and the collective (and between musicology and the humanities and social sciences). Who is who in a given musical work? What is unique and what is general? What is specific to participation or to a creative action? This is what the ALCOLL project endeavors to measure by reexamining data by observing situations of musical creation (composition, improvisation, performance), the organization of seminars, and the realization of a ethnographical survey.